Some morphometric and biological characteristics of the marbled electric ray, Torpedo marmorata, in the Marmara Sea
07/31/2024Some morphometric and biological characteristics of the marbled electric ray, Torpedo marmorata, in the Marmara Sea
Yusuf Şen, İsmail Burak Daban, Cahide Çiğdem Yığın
ORCID IDs: Y.Ş. 0000-0002-0595-4618; İ.B.D. 0000-0002-2973-5698; C.Ç.Y. 0000-0002-8808-2252
Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17200, Çanakkale, TÜRKİYE
Department of Fisheries and Processing Technology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17200, Çanakkale, TÜRKİYE
Abstract
A total of thirty-one adult individuals and four embryos of Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 were caught as bycatch with trammel nets by commercial fishermen in the southwestern Sea of Marmara, Türkiye. The length-weight relationships (LWRs), length-length relationships and some biological properties of the individuals were investigated. The LWRs for males, females, and all sexes were estimated as TW=0.0152TL3.0437, TW=0.0129TL3.1029 and TW=0.0124TL3.1122 (TW: Total weight, TL: Total length), respectively. The growth type was identified as isometric for males, females, and all sexes. According to morphometric measurements, only difference was between total length and disc length ratios of female and male individuals. The minimum, maximum and mean condition factors were estimated for adults as 1.493, 2.179 and 1.801±0.03, respectively. These results increase the knowledge on T. marmorata stocks distributed in the Sea of Marmara and expected to contribute for future studies on the species.
Keywords: Electric rays, growth type, Sea of Marmara, condition factor
References
Akalın, S., İlhan, D., Özaydın, O. (2015) Length-weight relationships for 30 demersal fish species from Çandarlı Bay (North Aegean Sea, Turkey). Croatian Journal of Fisheries: Ribarstvo 73: 73-76.
Bagenal, T.B., Tesch, F.W. (1978) Age and growth. In: Methods for assessment of fish production in fresh waters, 3rd Edition, (ed., Bagenal, T.), IBP Handbook No. 3, Blackwell Science Publications, Oxford, pp 101-136.
Barone, M., Mazzoldi, C., Serena, F. (2022) Sharks, Rays and Dhimaeras in Mediterranean and Black Seas – Key to identification. Rome: FAO, pp 87, https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0830en.
Bengil, E.G.T. (2018) Genetic features of some cartilaginous species inhabiting Aegean and Mediterranean Sea and bio-ecological features of Glaucostegus cemiculus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817). Ege University, Institute of Science, PhD Thesis.
Bilecenoğlu, M., Kaya, M., Cihangir, B., Çiçek, E. (2014) An updated checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 38(6): 901-929.
Bourret, A., Bélisle, M., Pelletier, F., Garant, D. (2017) Evolutionary potential of morphological traits across different life‐history stages. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 30(3): 616-626.
Capapé, C., Reynaud, C. (2011) Maturity, reproductive cycle and fecundity of the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias (Chondrichthyes: Squalidae) off the Languedocian coast (southern France, northern Mediterranean). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91(8): 1627-1635.
Conover, D.O., Baumann, H. (2009) Perspective: The role of experiments in understanding fishery‐induced evolution. Evolutionary Applications 2(3): 276-290.
Dulvy, N.K., Fowler, S.L., Musick, J.A., Cavanagh, R.D., Kyne, P.M., Harrison, L.R., Carlson, J.K., Davidson, L.N.K., Fordham, S.V., Francis, M.P., Pollock, C.M., Simpfendorfer, C.A., Burgess, G.H., Carpenter, K.E., Compagno, L.J.V., Ebert, D.A., Gibson, C., Heupel, M.R., Livingstone, S.R., Sanciangco, J., et al. (2014) Extinction risk and conservation of the world’s sharks and rays. eLife 3: e00590. doi: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00590.001
Dulvy, N.K., Simpfendorfer, C.A., Davidson, L.N., Fordham, S.V., Bräutigam, A., Sant, G., Welch, D.J. (2017) Challenges and priorities in shark and ray conservation. Current Biology 27(11): 565-572.
Duman, Ö.V., Başusta, N. (2013) Age and growth characteristics of marbled electric ray Torpedo marmorata (Risso, 1810) inhabiting Iskenderun Bay, North-eastern Mediterranean Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences: 13(3): 541-549.
Eronat, E.G.T., Ozaydın, O. (2014) Length-weight relationship of cartilaginous fish species from Central Aegean Sea (Izmir Bay and Sığacık Bay). Ege Journal of Fisheries Aquatic Science 31(3): 119-125.
Filiz, H., Bilge, G. (2004) Length-weight relationships of 24 fish species from the North Aegean Sea, Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 20(3): 431-432.
Filiz, H., Mater, S. (2002) A preliminary study on length-weight relationships for seven elasmobranch species from North Aegean Sea, Turkey. Ege Journal of Fisheries Aquatic Science 19(3-4): 401-409.
Finucci, B., Chartrain, E., Derrick, D., Dossa, J., Pacoureau, N., VanderWright, W.J., Williams, A.B. (2021) Torpedo marmorata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T161328A124466265. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161328A124466265.en.(accessed 19 Jul 2023).
Freitas, M., Ideia, P., Biscoito, M., Kaufmann., M., Sousa, R. (2023) Length-weight relationships for eight Chondrichthyes from the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 49(1): 87-90.
Froese, R. (2006) Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: history, meta- analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22(4): 241-253.
Froese, R., Pauly, D. (2024) FishBase, World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (02/2024) (accessed 14 Jun 2024).
GDFA (2020) Notification 5/1 Regulating (2020/20), Commercial Fishing for 2020-2024. The Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ankara, Türkiye. (in Turkish)
Hubbs, C.L., Ishiyama, R. (1968) Methods for the taxonomic study and description of skates (Rajidae). Copeia 3: 483-491.
IBM Corp (2017) IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY, USA.
Ilkyaz, A.T., Metin, G., Soykan, O., Kinacigil, H.T. (2008) Length-weight relationship of 62 fish species from the Central Aegean Sea, Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 24(6): 699-702.
Ismen, A., Ozen, O., Altinagac., U, Ozekinci, U., Ayaz, A. (2007) Weight-length relationships of 63 fish species in Saros Bay, Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 23: 707-708.
Işmen, A., Yığın, C.Ç., İhsanoğlu, M.A., Daban, İ.B. (2018) Length-weight relationships for three elasmobranch species from the Sea of Marmara. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment 24: 65-73.
Karadurmuş, U. (2022) Length-weight relationship and condition factor of sixteen demersal fish species from the southern part of the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Journal of Ichthyology 62(4): 543-551.
Karakulak, F.S., Erk, H., Bilgin, B. (2006) Length-weight relationships for 47 coastal fish species from the northern Aegean Sea, Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22(4): 274-278.
Khallaf, E., Galal, M., Athuman, M. (2003) The biology of Oreochromis niloticus in a polluted canal. Ecotoxicology 12: 405-416.
Last, P.R., White, W.T., de Carvalho, M.R., Séret, B., Stehmann M.F.W., Naylor, G.J.P. (2016) Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates.
Mac Gregoer, J.S. (1959) Relation between fish condition and population size in the sardine (Sardinops cacrulea). U.S. Fishery Wild Service, Fish Bulletin 60: 215-230.
Murphy, B.R., Willis, D.W. (1996) Fisheries Techniques (2nd ed.). American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Nelson, J.S. (1994) Fishes of the World (3rd edition). John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York. pp xvii +600.
Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Serena, F., Ungaro, N., Ferretti, F., Pheeha, S., Human, B., McCully, S., Buscher, E. (2016) Torpedo marmorata (Mediterranean assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T161328A16527917. (accessed 14 Jun 2024).
Ozaydın, O., Uckun, D., Akalın, S., Leblebici, S., Tosunoglu, Z. (2007) Length-weight relationships of fishes captured from Izmir Bay, Central Aegean Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 23(6): 695-696.
Pauly, D. (1984) Fish Population Dynamics in Tropical Waters: a Manual for Use with Programmable Calculators. Studies and Reviews, No. 8. ICLARM, Manilla.
Ricker, W.E. (1975) Computation and Interpretation of Biological Statistics of Fish Populations. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 191. Ottawa, Canada.
Scherrer, B. (1984) Biostatistique. Morin, Montre´al, Paris.
Serena, F., Abella A.J., Bargnesi, F., Barone, M., Colloca, F., Ferretti, F., Fiorentino, F., Jenrette, J., Moro, S. (2020) Species diversity, taxonomy and distribution of Chondrichthyes in the Mediterranean and Black Sea. The European Zoological Journal 87(1): 497-536.
Sherman, C.S., Simpfendorfer, C.A., Pacoureau, N., Matsushiba, J.H., Yan, H.F., Walls, R.H., Rigby, C.L., VanderWright, W.J., Jabado, R.W., Pollom, R.A., Carlson, J.K., Charvet, P., Ali, A.B., Fahmi., Cheok, J., Derrick, D.H., Herman, B.K., Finucci, B., Eddy, T.D., Palomares, M.L.D. (2023) Half a century of rising extinction risk of coral reef sharks and rays. Nature Communications 14(1): 15.
Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, F.J. (1987) Biostatistics. Francise & Co, New York, USA.
Soykan, O., Kınacıgil, H.T. (2021) Length-weight relationship of some discarded fish species with emphasis on length at maturity from the central Aegean Sea, Turkey. Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences 37(2): 505-511.
Taylan, B., Bayhan, B., Sağlam, C., Babaoğlu, A.Ö., Kara, A. (2022) The length-weight characteristics of five elasmobranch species (Pisces: Chondrichthyes) from Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea Coast of Turkey): Spring 2018. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology 10(2): 368-373.
Türker, D., Zengin, K., Tunay, Ö.K. (2019) Length-weigth relationships for nine Chondrichthyes fish species from Edremit Bay (North Aegean Sea). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatatic Sciences 19(1): 71-79.
Tyler, E.H.M., Somerfield, P.J., Berghe, E.V., Bremner, J., Jackson, E., Langmead, O., Palomares, M.L.D., Webb, T.J. (2012) Extensive gaps and biases in our knowledge of a well-known fauna: implications for integrating biological traits into macroecology. Global Ecology and Biogeography 21: 922-934.
Weatherley, A.H., Gill, H.S. (1987) The Biology of Fish Growth. Academic Press, London.
Yan, H.F., Kyne, P.M., Jabado, R.W., Leeney, R.H., Davidson, L.N., Derrick, D.H., Finucci, B., Freckleton, R.P., Fordham, S.V., Dulvy, N.K. (2021) Overfishing and habitat loss drive range contraction of iconic marine fishes to near extinction. Science Advances 7(7): eabb6026.
Zar, J.H. (1999) Biostatistical Analysis. 4th ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.