Spatial and temporal variations of anchovy eggs and larvae, Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758), around Gökçeada Island, North Aegean Sea

05/15/2020 Arda Tonay

Spatial and temporal variations of anchovy eggs and larvae, Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758), around Gökçeada Island, North Aegean Sea

İsmail Burak Daban, Ahsen Yüksek, Aytaç Altın

Faculty of Fisheries Science and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, TURKEY
Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, İstanbul University, Istanbul, TURKEY
Fisheries Department, School of Applied Sciences at Gökçeada, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, TURKEY

ORCID IDs: İ.B.D. 0000-0002-2973-5698; A.Y. 0000-0003-3004-7443; A.A. 0000-0002-0327-6665

Abstract

This study describes the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of anchovy eggs and larvae around Gökçeada Island in the North Aegean Sea. Monthly vertical samplings were performed at nine stations in one year period between June 2013 and May 2014. In total, 306 eggs, 198 prelarvae and 248 postlarvae were sampled. It was observed that spawning season of anchovy was between May and October, whereas spawning took place at 15.9 °C and peaked at 20.8-23.2 °C in June and August. Total egg biomass was determined as 1199.8 ind/m² and mean egg biomass was 33.5 ind/m². Total prelarvae and postlarvae biomass were detected as 776.2 ind/m² and 972.2 ind/m², respectively. Maximum abundance of prelarvae and postlarvae were seen in August (540 n/m2) and September (492 n/km2), respectively. Total mortality of eggs was detected as 12.4%, highest mortality was observed in July (30.9%) and majority of mortality realized in gastrula stage (stage 3) (85%). It was understood that the eggs were concentrated in the east and the larvae in the South as strong north winds and currents effected their distribution.

Keywords: Anchovy, fish eggs, fish larvae, spawning, North Aegean Sea

pdf-dl icon

References

Ak, Y. (2000) A research on an abundance and variations of pelagic eggs and larvae of some teleost fish species living around İzmir Bay (MSc Thesis). Ege University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 141 pp (in Turkish).

Ak, Y. (2004) Abundance and variations of pelagic eggs and larvae of some teleost fish species living around Mersin, Erdemli. (PhD Thesis). Ege University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 387 pp (in Turkish).

Arım, N. (1957) The morphology and ecology of fish eggs and larvae of some teleost fish species in Marmara Sea and Black Sea. Hidrobiyologi Mecmuası İ.Ü. Fen Fakültesi Hidrobiyoloji Araştırma Enstitüsü Seri A, 5 (1-2): 7-56 (in Turkish).

Bakun, A. (1996) Pattern in the Ocean: Ocean Processes and Marine Population Dynamics. University of California Sea Grant, San Diego, USA in cooperation with Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.

Bat, L., Kıdeyş, A., Yardım, Ö., Gündoğdu, A., Üstün, F., Satılmış, H.H., Şahin, F., Birinci, Ö.Z., Zoral, T. (2004) The Effects of Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Ichthyoplankton and Macro-zooplankton Composition on Black Sea Ecosystem and Fisheries. Project report no. OMÜ. S.090. 130 p. (in Turkish).

Çakır, D.T., Hoşsucu, B. (2006) Abundance, distribution and mortality rate of the anchovy, Engraulis encrasicholus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Edremit Bay (Aegean Sea, Turkey). BAÜ Fen Bil. Enst. Dergisi 8(2): 4-12 (in Turkish).

Çoker, T. (2003) The Morphology and Ecology of the Eggs and Larvae of Teleost Fish in İzmir Bay (PhD Thesis). Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, 539 p. (in Turkish).

Daban, İ.B., İşmen, A. (2020) Fish larvae assemblages of Gökçeada Island, North Aegean Sea: effect of weekly sampling interval on their incidences. Turk J Zool 44: 165-172.

Daban, İ.B., Yüksek, A. (2017) Ichthyoplankton community of the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 46(3): 253–259.

Dekhnik, T.V. (1973) Ichthyoplankton of the Black Sea. Navkova Dumka, Kiev 235p (In Russian).

Demir, N. (1959) Notes on the variations of the eggs of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus CUV.) from Black, Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. Istanbul University Hidrobiyologi Mecmuası Seri B. 4 (4): 180-187.

Demir, N. (1974) The pelagic eggs and larvae of teleostean fishes in Turkish waters. II. Engraulidae. İstanbul University Fen. Fak. Mecmuası Seri: B. 34 (1-2): 43-74.

Demirel, N. (2004) Abundance and Distribution of the Pelagic Eggs and Larvae of Teleost Fish in Marmara Sea (MSc Thesis). Institute of Marine Science and Technology, İstanbul University, 82 p (in Turkish).

Gordina, A.D., Nikolsky, V. N., Niermann, U., Bingel, F., Subbotin, A.A. (1997) New data on the morphological differences of anchovy eggs (Engraulis encrasicolus L.) in the Black Sea. Fisheries Research 31: 139-145.

Gunderson, D.R. (1993) Surveys of Fisheries Resources. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York 248 pp.

Gücü, A.C., Inanmaz, Ö.E., Ok, M., Sakınan, S. (2016) Recent changes in the spawning grounds of Black Sea anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus. Fish Oceanogr 25(1): 67–84.

Hoşsucu, B. (1991) A Research on Bioecology and Cultivation Possibilities of Common Sole (Solea solea L., 1758) in İzmir Bay (PhD Thesis). Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, 91 p (in Turkish).

Hoşsucu, B., Ak, Y. (2002) The ichthyoplankton of Izmir Bay: A one year study of fish eggs and larvae. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 26: 1033-1042.

Isari, M., Fragopoulu, N., Somarakis, S. (2008) Interanual variability in horizontal patterns of larval fish assemblages in the northeastern Aegean sea (eastern Mediterranean) during early summer. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 79: 607-619.

Kideys, A.E., Gordina, A.D., Bingel, F., Niermann, U. (1999) The efect environmental conditions on the distribution of eggs and larvae of anchovy (Engraulis Encrasicolus L.) in the Black Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science 56 Supplement: 58-64.

Kideys, A.E., Gordina, A.D., Niermann, U., Uysal, Z., Shiganova, T.A., Bingel, F. (1998) Distribution of eggs and larvae of anchovy with respect to ambient conditions in the southern Black Sea during 1993 and 1996. In: Ecosystem Modelling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea (eds., Ivanov, L.I., Oğuz, T.), NATO ASI Series, Vol. 47, Kluwer Academic publishers, Netherlands, pp.189-198.

Machias, A., Somarakis, S., Koutsikopoulos, C. (2000) The anchovy stocks in the central Aegean and Ionian Seas. Hellenic Fish. News 233: 89-95 (in Greek).

Mater, S. (1977) An ecological and biological studies on eggs and larvae of the sardine, (Sardina pilchardus Wal., 1792) in İzmir Bay. TUBITAK VI. Bilim Kongresi 47 p (in Turkish).

Mater, S. (1978) Investigations on size, abundance, distribution and mortality of eggs of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus L.) in the Gulf of Izmir (Aegean Sea, Turkey). Rapp Comm int Mer Medit 25/26(10): 207-208.

Mater, S. (1981) A Research on Pelagic Eggs and Larvae of Some Teleost Fish (Associate Professor Thesis). Faculty of Naural Sciences, Institute of Biological Oseonography and Hydrobiology, Ege University, 118 p (in Turkish).

Niermann, U., Bingel, F., Gorban, A., Gordina, A.D., Gucu, A.C., Kideys, A.E., Konsulov, A., Radu, G., Subbotin, A.A., Zaika, V.E. (1994) Distirubution of anchovy eggs and larvae (Engraulis encrasicolus Cuv.) in the Black Sea in 1991 and 1992 in comparison to former survey. ICES Journal of Marine Science 51: 395-406.

Palomera, I. (1991) Vertical distribution of eggs and larvae of Engraulis encrasicolus in stratified waters of the western Mediterranean. Marine Biology 111: 37-44.

Satılmış, H.H. (2001) The Seasonal Distribution of Fish Eggs and Larvae in Sinop Peninsula (MSc Thesis). Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 82 p (in Turkish).

Satılmış, H.H. (2005) Egg Production and the Distribution of Eggs and Larvae of Small Pelagic Fish in Sinop Coasts (PhD Thesis). Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 160 p (in Turkish).

Satılmış, H.H., Gordina, A.D., Bat, A., Bircan, R., Çulha, M., Akbulut, M., Kıdeyş, A.E. (2003) Seasonal distribution of fish eggs and larvae off Sinop (the southern Black Sea) in 1999-2000. Acta Oecologica 24: 275-280.

Sherman, K., Lasker, R., Richards, W., Kendall, A.W. (1983) Ichthyoplankton and fish recruitment studies in large marine ecosystems. Mar Fish Rev (45): 1-25.

Shiganova, T.A., Miryozan, Z.A., Studenikina, E.A., Volovik, S.P., Siokou-Frangou, I., Zervoudaki, S., Christou E.D., Skirta, A.Y., Dumont H.J. (2001) Population development of the invader ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, in the Black Sea and in other seas of the Mediterranean Basin. Mar Biol 139: 431-445.

Somarakis, S. (1993) Contribution to the Study of the Planktonic Stages of Anchovy in the Aegean Sea. MSc Thesis, University of Crete (in Greek with English abstract).

Somarakis, S. (1999) Ichthyoplankton of the Northeastern Aegean Sea with Emphasis on Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) (June 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996). PhD Thesis, University of Crete (in Greek with English abstract).

Somarakis, S., Drakopoulos, P., Filippou, V. (2002) Distribution and abundance of larval fish in the northern Aegean Sea-eastern Mediterranean – in relation to early summer oceanographic conditions. Journal of Plankton Research 24: 339-357.

Somarakis, S., Nikolioudakis, N. (2007) Oceanographic habitat, growth and mortality of larval anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the northern Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean). Marine Biology 152:1143-1158.

Stergiou, K.I., Lascaratos, A. (1997) Climatic variability and the anchovy/sardine ratio in Hellenic waters. Geojournal 41(3): 245-254.

Şahin, A., Düzgüneş, E. (2019) Spatial and temporal variation in the distribution and abundance of pelagic fish eggs and larvae off Giresun, south-eastern Black Sea, Turkey. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 49(2): 159-169.

Şahin, C., Hacımurtazaoğlu, N. (2013) Abundance and distribution of eggs and larvae of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus, 1758) and horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus, Steindachner, 1868) on the coasts of the eastern Black Sea. Turk J Zool 37: 773-781.

Taylan, B., Hoşsucu, B. (2008) Abundance and distribution of the postlarvae of teleost fish in İzmir Bay. Ege Üni. Su Ürünleri Dergisi 25(3): 197-202 (in Turkish).

Taylan, B., Hoşsucu, B. (2015) The abundance and distribution of some teleost fishes’ eggs and larvae in Izmir Bay between the years 2011-2013. Turkish Journal of Agriculture – Food Science and Technology 3(10): 834-840 (in Turkish).

Taylan, B., Hoşsucu, B. (2016) Daily egg production method for spawning biomass estimates of European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Edremit Bay (Aegean Sea). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 25(11): 4742-4746.

Tsianis, D.E. (2003) Temporal Variation of Biological Parameters of Anchovy and Sardine in NW Aegean. MSc Thesis. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (in Greek with English Abstract).

TUIK. (2020) Turkish Statistical Institute: Fisheries statistics. Available at:  https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=97&locale=tr (accessed 22 March 2020).

Yüksek, A. (1993) Abundance and Distribution of the Pelagic Fish Eggs and Larvae of Teleost Fish around Northern Part of the Marmara Sea (Bakırköy-Marmara Ereğlisi) (PhD Thesis). Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University (In Turkish).

Zervakis, V., Georgopoulos, D., Drakopoulos, P.G. (2000) The role of the north Aegean in triggering the recent eastern Mediterranean climatic changes. Journal of Geophysical Research 105(C11): 26103-26116.