THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ZOOPLANKTON IN THE SOUTHEASTERN BLACK SEA (TRABZON COAST)

The qualitative and quantitative distribution of the zooplankton in the Southeastern Black Sea (Trabzon coast)

Gülnur Penbe Özdemir, Orhan Ak

Central Fisheries Research Institute, Kaşüstü, 61250, Trabzon, TURKEY

Abstract

In the present study, the qualitative and quantitative changes of zooplankton community were examined on a monthly basis at three stations off the coast of Trabzon, the South- eastern Black Sea from October 2007 to September 2008. A total of 36 samples were collected. The highest value of the abundance of the total zooplankton was recorded in May. Noctiluca scintillans was the most abundant zooplankton with a share of 54% (maximum: 3752,80 ind.m-3 in May). They were followed by Copepoda with 21% (maximum: 551 ind.m-3 in March and Cladocera with 13% (maximum: 680 ind.m-3 in August. Copepoda was present in the sampling throughout the year whereas N. scintillans and Cladocera were dominant for a period of 2-3 months. The annual average abundance of zooplankton was 1116±282 ind.m-3 (55989 ind./m²). In addition temperature as main physical parameter of environment was determined according to the depth.

Keywords: Black Sea, zooplankton abundance, monthly vertical distribution

References

Anonymus (2006) Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat), Fisheries 2005 Data, Ankara.

Balkaş, T., Mihnea, R., Serbanescu, O., Ünlüata, U. (1990) State of the Marine Environment in the Black Sea Region, UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies, FAO, Rome.

Bat, L., Kıdeyş, E.A., Oğuz, T., Beşiktepe, Ş., Yardım, Ö., Gündoğdu, A., Üstün, F., Satılmış,H.H., Şahin, F., Birinci Özdemir, Z., Zoral, T. ( 2005) Monitoring of basic pelagic ecosystem parameters in the Central Black Sea (DPT) Project no: DPT 2002 KI20500 (TAPS013). p. 488 (in Turkish).

Bat, L., Şahin, F., Satılmış, H.H., Üstün, F., Birinci Özdemir, Z., Kıdeyş, A.E., Shulman, G.E. (2007 a) The changed ecosystem of the Black Sea and its impact on anchovy fisheries Journal of Fisheries Sciences 1 (4): 191-227.

Bat, L., Şahin, F., Üstün, F., Kıdeyş, A.E., Satılmış, H.H. (2007 b) The qualitative and quantitative distribution in phytoplankton and zooplankton of Southern Black Sea of Cape Sinop, Turkey in 1999-2000. IEEE Oceans’07, IEEE Catalogue No: 07EX1527C; Library on Congress: 2006932314, p. 6.

Caddy, J.F. (1993) Toward a cooperative evaluation human impacts on fishery ecosystems and semi-enclosed seas. Fishery Science 1 (1): 57-95.

Eker, E., Georgieva, L, Senichkina, L., Kıdeyş, A.E. (1999) Phytoplankton distribution in the western and eastern Black Sea in spring and autumn 1995. ICES Journal of Marine Science 56: 15- 22.

Eker-Develi, E., Kıdeyş, A.E. (2003) Distribution of phytoplankton in the southern Black Sea in summer 1996, spring and autumn 1998. Journal of Marine Systems 39 (3-4): 203-211.

Erkan, F., Gücü, A.C. (2000) The diel vertical distribution of zooplankton in the Southeast Black Sea. Turk J Zool. 24: 417-427.

Feyzioğlu, A.M. (1996) Seasonal Changes on Phytoplankton Dynamics in Eastern Black Sea Ecosystem KTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, p. 120. (in Turkish),

Feyzioğlu, A.M., Sivri, N. (2003) Seasonal changes of Noctiluca scintillans Kofoids & Swezy in Trabzon Coast, Eastern Black Sea. E.U. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 20 (1-2): 75 – 79.

Konsulov, A., Kamburska, L. (1998) Black Sea zooplankton structural dynamic and variability off the Bulgarian Black Sea coast during 1991-1995. In: NATO TU-Black Sea Project: Ecosystem Modeling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea, Symposium on Scientific Results, (eds. L.I. Ivanov, T. Oğuz), Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 281-292.

Kovalev, A.V. (1991) Structure of zooplankton communities of the Atlantics and the Mediterranean basin. Naukova dumka, Kiev, p. 141 (in Russian).

Kovalev, A.V., Gubanova, A.D., Kideys, A.E, Melnikov, V.V., 6 others (1998) Long-term changes in the biomass and composition of fodder zooplanktonin coastal regions of the Black Sea during the period 1957–1996. Ecosystem 297 Modelling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea, Vol 1, (eds. L.I., Ivanov, T. Oğuz) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p 209-219.

Kovalev, A.V., Skryabin, V.A., Zagorodnyaya, Yu.A., Bingel, F., Kıdeyş, E., Niermann, U. and Uysal, Z. (1999) The Black Sea zooplankton: composition, spatial/temporal distribution and history of investigations. Turk J Zool. 23: 196- 209.

Larink O., Westheide W. (2006) Coastal Plankton Photo Guide for European Seas, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Germany, 143 pp.

Oğuz, T., Ducklow, H.W., Purcell, J.E., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P. (2001) Simulation of recent changes in the Black Sea pelagic food web structure due to topdown control by gelatinous carnivores. Journal of Geophysical Research 106: 4543-4564.

Özel, İ. (1992) Planktonology I, Ecology of Plankton and Methods of Research, Ege University, Faculty of Science, No: 145, Textbook, p. 270 (in Turkish).

Özel, İ. (1996) Planktonology II, Marine Zooplankton, Ege University Fisheries Faculty, No: 49, Textbook, p. 269 (in Turkish).

Satılmış, H.H. (2005) Egg production and distribution of egg and larvae of small pelagic fish in Sinop coast. Ondokuz Mayıs University, Institute of Science, PhD Thesis, Samsun, p. 160 (in Turkish).

Shiganova, T.A., Niermann, U., Gücü, A.C., Kideys, A. and Khoroshilov, V.S. (1998) Changes of species diversity and their abundance in the main components of pelagic community after Mnemiopsis leidyi invasion. (eds. L,I. Ivanov, T. Oğuz) Ecosystem Modelling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea, Vol 1. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p 171–188.

Shiganova, T.A., Bulgakova, Y.V. (2000) Effects of gelatinous plankton on Black Sea and sea of Azov fish and their food resources, ICES Journal of Marine Science 57: 641-648.

Tregouboff, G., Rose, M. (1957) Manuel de Planctonologie Mediterraneenne. Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris.

Uysal, Z., Sur, H.I. (1995) Net phytoplankton discriminating patches along the southern Black Sea coast in winter 1990. Oceanologica Acta 18 (6): 639- 647.

Ünal, E. (2002) Seasonality of zooplankton in the southern Black Sea in 1999 and Genetics of Calanus euxinus (Copepoda). MSc Thesis, IMS-Middle East Technical University/Ankara, Turkey, p. 214.

Üstün, F., Bat, L., Şahin, F., Satılmış, H.H., Özdemir, Z.B., Kıdeyş¸ A.E. (2007) Annual cycle of zooplankton off Sinop, the southern Black Sea in 2003-2004. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Médit. 38: 628.

Venrick, E.L. (1978) How many cells to count? In: (ed., A. Sournia), Phytoplankton Manual. UNESCO Press, Paris. pp. 167-180.

Vershinin, A. (2005) Living Black Sea Marine Environmental Education Program. http://blacksea-education.ru/zooplankton.shtml

Zaitsev, Yu.P., Alexandrov, B.G. (1995) Recent man-made changes in the Black Sea ecosystem. Sensitivity of North Sea. Baltic Sea and Black Sea to antropogenic and climatic changes. Workshop, Varna- Bulgaria, 14–18 Nov.1