Vol.29 – 2023 – No.2 – Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment

Vertical and temporal distribution of phytoplankton marker pigments during massive mucilage event

Yaprak Gürkan, Ahsen Yüksek

ORCID IDs: Y.G. 0000-0001-7949-3001; A.Y. 0000-0001-7949-3001

Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, İstanbul University, 34134 Vefa/İstanbul, TÜRKİYE

Abstract

This study examines the temporal and vertical distribution of phytoplankton marker pigments in coastal marine ecosystem for one year. Chl-a had high masses in the upper layer, except in June 2021. Chl c₁+c₂ peaked at 0.75 µg L^-1 in April 2021 above 20 m. Frequent pigment, fucoxanthin, reached its highest mass of 0.66 µg L^-1 in April 2021 within upper 20 m. Peridinin’s peak values were 0.28 µg L^-1 in January 2021. Temperature had a negative correlation with pigments, particularly with fucoxanthin (r= -0.5). Fucoxanthin exhibited strong positive correlations with chl-a and chl-c₁+c₂ (r = ~0.75), and peridinin correlated with ß-carotene (r=0.67). Median pigment values within the first 10 m were slightly lower than the first 20 m. Pigment mass within 20-38 m was notably lower than 10-38 m. An increasing chl-a pattern from November 2020 to March 2021, with fluctuations thereafter was detected. Permutational multivariate variance analysis showed significant differences (p<0.05) in marker pigment masses between sampling months. This study illuminates the intricate temporal and vertical dynamics of phytoplankton marker pigments, providing insights into the phytoplankton activity in the central İzmit Bay during a mucilage ongoing period.

Keywords: The Sea of Marmara, phytoplankton marker pigments, chlorophylls, fucoxanthin, İzmit Bay

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Checklist of sponges (Porifera) in the Aegean and Levantine Seas

Alper Evcen, Bülent Topaloğlu, Melih Ertan Çinar

ORCID IDs: A.E. 0000-0003-1134-2551; M.E.Ç. 0000-0002-1802-2801; B.T. 0000-0001-6620-8072

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) Marmara Research Center, 21 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, TÜRKİYE
Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Onaltı Mart Şehitleri Cad. No: 2, 34134, Fatih/Istanbul, TÜRKİYE
Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
SERPULA Marine Research Limited Company, Teknopark Izmir, Urla, İzmir, TÜRKİYE

Abstract

This study compiled data on the distribution of sponge species along the coasts of countries bordering the Levantine and Aegean Seas (eastern Mediterranean). The checklist comprises 313 species belonging to 67 families, 23 orders, and 4 classes. Out of these species, 37 species are endemic to the Eastern Mediterranean and 77 species are endemic to the Mediterranean. The orders, namely Tetractinellida (44 species), Haplosclerida (36 species), Suberitida (35 species), Poecilosclerida (34 species) and Dictyoceratida (31 species) have the highest number of species in the region. The Aegean coast of Greece has the highest number of sponge species (231 species), followed by the Aegean coast of Türkiye (129 species) and the Levantine coast of Israel (65 species). Due to the limited number of studies performed on sponges, the lowest number of species were found along the Libyan and Syrian coasts. Among the sponges reported, four species, namely Geodia micropuntata, Amphimedon chloros, Niphates toxifera and Paraleucilla magna appear to be alien species in the regions. A total of 14 sponge species listed as endangered or threatened species according to the Bern (1979) and Barcelona (2013) conventions have been recorded in the regions.

Keywords: Sponges, Porifera, Eastern Mediterranean, Aegean Sea, Levantine Sea, check-list

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Record of a bull ray Aetomylaeus bovinus (Myliobatidae) in a sea-cage tuna farm in the Aegean coast of Türkiye (Eastern Mediterranean Sea)

**Record of a bull ray Aetomylaeus bovinus (Myliobatidae) in a sea-cage tuna farm in the Aegean coast of Türkiye (Eastern Mediterranean Sea)**

Evrim Kurtay, Okan Akyol, Aytaç Özgül, Christian Capapé

ORCID IDs: E.K. 0000-0002-7234-8407; O.A. 0000-0001-7738-2156; A.Ö. 0000-0001-7706-9012; C.C. 0000-0002-6630-2728

Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University 35440 Urla, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
Laboratoire d’Ichtyologie, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, FRANCE

Abstract

A specimen of bull ray Aetomylaeus bovinus was captured dead by a diver around a tuna sea cage farm. It was female, measured 2310 mm in total length (TL) and 1460 mm in disc width (DW) with body weight estimated as about 20 kg. This case was reported from a tuna farm for the first time. The bull ray entered the sea cage about three months ago, but no attack occurred to the tuna in the cage. It was grazing on fouling organisms that attached to the nets. However, the cage nets were replaced with clean ones four days ago before the capture, and the bull ray did not find enough fouling organisms or uneaten fish feed and was starved to death.

Keywords: Aetomylaeus bovinus, sea-cage farm, predators, biodiversity, nutrition

References

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Assessing total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) levels in sea water and sediment samples of Karaburun-Ildır Bay Special Environmental Protected Area on the Aegean coast of Türkiye

Pelin S. Çiftçi Türetken

ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4377-1628

Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Onaltı Mart Şehitleri Cad. No: 2, 34134 Vezneciler Fatih/Istanbul, TÜRKİYE

Abstract

The Karaburun-Ildır Bay Special Environmental Protected Area (SEPA) is a unique and ecologically significant region located along the Aegean coast of Türkiye. The aim of this study was to determine the total petroleum hydrocarbon levels in seawater and sediment samples collected from stations in Karaburun-Ildır Bay. Sampling was carried out in May and September 2022. The samples were analyzed using a spectrofluorometer (UVF, Shimadzu RF-5301). While the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) levels were determined as 0.10-2.70 µg/l in seawater samples, it was determined as 1.77-42.62 µg/g in sediment samples. TPH values in seawater samples were above the international limit values (UN Environment Programme). While significant difference was detected between stations in the TPH values in the sediment, no significant difference was detected between the sampling. This study is important as it is the first to determine the TPH levels in Karaburun-Ildır Bay. The results showed that it is important to continue monitoring studies in protected areas.

Keywords: Total petroleum hydrocarbons, sediments, seawater, Karaburun-Ildır Bay

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New data on the spreading of the fangtooth moray Enchelycore anatina (Lowe, 1838) in the Mediterranean Sea

**New data on the spreading of the fangtooth moray Enchelycore anatina (Lowe, 1838) in the Mediterranean Sea**

Vincenzo Di Martino, Bessy Stancanelli

ORCID IDs: V.D.M. 0000-0002-5987-0954; B.S. 0000-0001-7126-0633

CNR/ISAFoM (National Research Council of Italy/Institute for Agricultural and Forestry System in the Mediterranean); via Empedocle, 58; 95128 Catania, ITALY
Aqua Stories; via Vampolieri, 25/31 int. 27; 95022 Aci Catena (Catania), ITALY

Abstract

Fangtooth moray, Enchelycore anatina (Lowe, 1838), native to the tropical Atlantic Ocean, has a rapid expansion in the eastern and central sectors of the Mediterranean in the last thirty years. This species is now beginning to colonize along the Italian coasts of the Adriatic Sea and the western Mediterranean. In summer of 2021 and 2022, 12 specimens of fangtooth moray were recorded in Puglia (Adriatic Sea), Sardinia and Sicily. As hypothesized in previous studies, it seems probable that the successful expansion of this species is due both to the long pelagic period of its larval stage and to the increase in the temperature of the Mediterranean waters.

Keywords: Enchelycore anatina, Adriatic Sea, central Mediterranean, western Mediterranean

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