Vol.8 – 2002 – Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment

TOXICITY AND IDENTIFICATION OF LAS IN TISSUE OF RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS)

Toxicity and identification of LAS in tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Hüseyin Koç, Kasim Cemal Güven

Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management. Vefa, 34470, Istanbul, TURKEY

Abstract

Toxicity and identification of LAS were investigated on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to LAS at various concentration levels in aquarium. The lethal level of LAS was 12.5 mg/L in single dose and 13.5 mg/L in progressive doses. The accumulation of LAS in the organs such as gill, heart, stomach and liver were determined by metachromatic method with azur A and toluidine blue. The LAS absoIbed on tissue is colored red in examination on microscope. This is the first record in the literature using metachromasy for biological trace of LAS in tissue.

Keywords: Toxicity, LAS, metachromasy, rainbow trout

THE BOSPHORUS : FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO MARINE CASUALTIES

The Bosphorus: factors contributing to marine casualties

Necmettin Akten

Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University, Müşküle Sokak No.1, 34470 Vefa, Istanbul,TURKEY

Abstract

Ships trade in a complex and high-risk operating environment; hence very many shipping casualties still occur at sea as well as waters connected therewith. Any accident, whatever in nature, is every seafarer’s nightmare and comes under the fierce scrutiny of the public. It may take different shapes – i.e from a single operational mishap to a possible major regional catastrophe. Should it occur in a channel or a strait, where the shipping traffic is dense, the sea-room is relatively insufficient and depth of water is rather restricted, serious risks are likely to be faced. Several causes may give rise to a shipping casualty. In broad terms these are: inter alia, natural conditions, technical failures, route conditions, ship-related factors and human errors. The Strait of Istanbul , the Bosphorus, is roughly a “S-shaped” narrow channel and links the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara. It is thus the integral part of the Turkish Straits; namely the Dardanelles,the Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus, the whole area being known as the Turkish Straits Region (TSR), which constitute one of the major and busiest seaways. Geogaphical conditions and navigational constraints of the Strait, i.e. narrowness, deep and steep structure which grants poor visibility at nights for ships passing through, and day-ta-day changing currents together with bad weather conditions, are the main parameters contributing to marine casualties in the Bosphorus. The Strait has faced 454 marine casualties of different types in 1953-2002 period, accounting 24 percent for the “left-side up scheme”, 60 percent for the “right-side up scheme and the remaining 16 percent for the “traffic separation schemes” respectively. The Turkish Government adopted the by-law, so-called “Maritime Traffic Schemes in the Turkish Straits Region”, currently in use in 1994 and revised further in 1998, to enhance safety of navigation in the Strait as a life saving measure, Hence, with full implementation of the By-law, shipping casualties in the Bosphorus have been drastically reduced.

Keywords: Marine casualty, Strait of Istanbul, current, orkoz, traffic separation schemes, collision, grounding, stranding, the Collision Regulations

CHECK-LIST OF THE CRUSTACEA FAUNA OF THE BOSPHORUS

Check-List of the crustacea fauna of the Bosphorus

Neslihan Balkis, Serhat Albayrak, Hüsamettin Balkis

Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology 34459 Vezneciler, Istanbul, TURKEY

Abstract

This study was carried out to present the species list of the Crustacea fauna of the Bosphorus in the light of the previously conducted research. It was seen that totally 94 crustacean species had been recorded from this region and Amphipoda was the first and Decapoda was the second in respect to the species number, with 37 and 36 species, respectively.

Keywords: Bosphorus, crustacea fauna, check-list

INFRARED STUDIES ON PHYLLOPHORA NERVOSA AGAR AND COMPARISON WITH VARIOUS AGARS AND CARRAGEENANS

Infrared studies on Phyllophora nervosa Agar and comparison with various agars and carrageenans

Murside Sur, Kasim Cemal Güven

Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Vefa, 34470, Istanbul, TURKEY

Abstract

In this work were studied IR spectra of the type of sulfated polysaccharides as agar of Phyllophora nervosa and various agars and carrageenans. Agars used were from Phyllophora nervosa, Gracilaria verrucosa, Pterocladia capillecea, Ceramium rubrum, Hypnea musciformis, agar (Pasteur and commercial) and carrageenans were K -, t-, type LC and carrageenan obtained from Grateloupia dichotoma, Acanthophora delilei. IR spectra of these agars were compared with those of carrageenans. The bands of 805 and 705 cm^-1 characteristic for carrageenans were absent at the spectra of the agars tested. Agars showed the same bands at (736, 771, 927, 968, 1253cm^-1). It was proved that the sulfated polysaccharide obtained from Phyllophora nervosawas agar.

Keywords: Phyllophora nervosa, agars, carrageenans, IR spectra

AN INVESTIGATION ON SOME POPULATION PARAMETRES OF EUROPEAN PILCHARD (SARDINA PILCHARDUS WALBAUM 1792) IN THE DARDANELLES

An investigation on some population parametres of European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum 1792) in the Dardanelles

Ahmet Adem Tekinay, Pinar Akyüz, Derya Güroy, Ebru Gülçin Kahyaoglu, Mustafa Alpaslan

Çanakkale 18 Mart University, Fisheries Faculty, 17100 Çanakkale, TURKEY

Abstract

In this study, the length-weight relationship, condition factor (CF), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and meat yield of 363 European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum, 1792) sampled from Dardanelles were studied between September 2001 and April 2002. The length-weight relationship was calculated as W = 0.0172L ^2.68; R²= 0.71. Mean condition factor of males and females varied between 0.66-0.87% and 0.68-0.86%, while mean GSI values were 0.34-4.83% and 0.47-5.95%, respectively, Percentage meat yield of males and females were varied as 64.21-75.56 and 64.20-81.50, respectively.

Keywords: European pilchard, gonadosomatic index (GSI), condition factor, length-weight relationship, meat yield, Dardanelles.

OIL AND DETERGENT POLLUTION OF SEA WATER IN DARDANELLES IN 2001 – 2002

Oil and detergent pollution of sea water in Dardanelles in 2001 – 2002

Kasim Cemal Güven, Kartal Çetintürk, Mustafa Alpaslan, Ahmet Adem Tekinay

Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Vefa, Istanbul, TURKEY
18 March University, Faculty of Fisheries, Çanakkale, TURKEY

Abstract

Pollution by oil and detergent was investigated in sea water of Dardanelles in this work. The highest pollution in surface water was found for oil 232.241 µg/L in Gelibolu and 15.38 µg/L in Kilitbahir and for detergent 62.05 µg/L in Gelibolu, 105.8 11 µg/L in Lapseki and 44.38 µg/L in Kilitbahir. The pollution level was high near seawage point of Çanakkale as 226.27 µg/L for oil and 148.56 µg/L for detergent. The pollution was found higher in 10 m depth than in surface water.

Keywords: Oil, detergent, pollution, Dardanelles

THE BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE FAUNA OF SARIKUM LAKE AND SPRING WATERS (SINOP)

The Benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of Sarıkum Lake and spring waters (Sinop)

Mehmet Akbulut, Mehmet Öztürk, Meral Öztürk

University of Ondokuz Mayis, Sinop Fisheries Faculty, Department of Basic Science, Sinop, TURKEY
University of Celal Bayar, Faculty of Science-Arts, Department of Biology, Manisa, TURKEY

Abstract

In this study, the community composition of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna from Sarikum Lake and spring waters were investigated monthly between June 1995 and May 1996. Physico-chemical parameters of the sampling stations were measured. The fauna were represented with 26 species belonging to 6 systematic groups (Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Insecta (larvae), Crustacea, Polychaete and Turbellaria classis). Insecta was found as predominant in respect to species diversity. The species belonging to Mollusca and Crustacea classis were in minority. In general, most of the species in SarIkum Lake were eurythopic organisms of eutrophic lakes.

Keywords: Sariıkum Lake (Sinop), spring water, benthic macroinvertebrate fauna

DEGRADATION OF LAS IN DISTILLED, TAP AND SEA WATER

Degradation of LAS in distilled, tap and sea water

Hüseyin Koç, Kasim C. Güven, Tuncay Gezgin

Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Vefa, 34470, Istanbul, TURKEY

Abstract

The degradation of LAS was investigated in distilled, tap and sea water. The analysis of LAS in HPLC showed that the number and size of peaks decreased during the test. Degradation began the first day and continued rapidly. LAS degraded in 20 days 84.8% in distilled water, in 14 days 84.8% in tap water and in 14 days 93.2% in sea water. The number of peaks were diminished and their areas reduced on HPLC chromatograms of LAS during the tests. The degradation of LAS was ranked as sea water > tap water > distilled water.

Keywords: LAS, degradation, distilled, tap, sea water.

GEOMORPHOLOGY OF HEREKE-KÖRFEZ AREA AND ITS RELATION TO THE SUBMARINE MORPHOLOGY OF THE CENTRE BASIN OF THE GULF OF IZMIT

Geomorphology of Hereke-Körfez area and its relation to the submarine morphology of the centre basin of the Gulf of Izmit

A. Evren Erginal, T. Ahmet Ertek

Istanbul University, Faculty of Literature Department of Geography, Laleli, Istanbul,TURKEY

Abstract

The present study is an attempt to interpret the geomorphology of the Hereke-Körfez area and the submarine morphology of the Gulf of Izmit. Geomorphological investigations have been carried out on the E-W trending normal fault, Hereke-Körfez fault, which constitutes the northern segment of North Anatolian Fault (NAF). Along this 10 km-long zone, the morphological features of this area have been considered according to the neotectonic features within and around the stream basins. Fault facettas, stream captures, deep dissection in young valleys, hanging valleys, en-echelon erosional surfaces, convexity and slope breaks in thalweg profiles indicate the youth phase in fluvvial geomorphological evolution. Active submarine landslides in front of the submarine deltas and the en-echelon erosional surface located at – 40 m to – 160 m imply the active tectonic in the Gulf of Izmit. The morphometric features of erosional surfaces indicate a collapse of about 190 m in the gulf. This result is supported by the deep valley form in the depression. It is concluded that this buried valley has been deepened by the en-echelon faultings. The aluvvial cones developed along the Hereke-Körfez Fault. That there is no marine terrace in this zone appears to be related to the sediment input from north by the creeks, which covered the marine terraces probably. These terraces might have later been deepened by en-echelon faultings. Thus, the deep drill holes are needed to find out the vertical cross-section of these young deposits. This will also reveal if the en-echelon erosional surfaces have been deformed by the activity of NAF. Consequently, the hinterland morphology of the Gulf of Izmit could well be used as a reliable criteria to assess the morpho-tectonic features in this coastal area.

Keywords: North Anatolian Fault, Izmit Bay, neotectonic movements, fluvial geomorphology

THE BLACK SEA ONE DECADE AFTER THE BUCHAREST CONVENTION AN OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN THE BLACK SEA REGION

The Black Sea one decade after the Bucharest Convention an overview of the international activities in the Black Sea Region

B. Gül Göktepe

Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Çekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center P.O.Box.l, Ataturk Airport, 34831 Istanbul, TURKEY
Voluntary Vice President, Turkish Environmental and Woodland Protection Society

Abstract

The catastrophic degradation of the Black Sea in a period of four decade has been the major concern of the Black Sea countries and international communities since the Bucharest Convention signed in 1992.The Black Sea Region has became a challenging intemational arena for political, scientific and socioeconomic activities. Intensive international programmes and establishment of governmental and Non Governmental Organizational structures of the 1990s including Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), Black Sea Environmental Programme (BSEP), Environmental Programme for the Danube River Basin, Marine Environmental Assessment of the Black Sea Region Technical Cooperation Programme by the IAEA and establishment of the Black Sea Commission Permanent Secretariat are some of the major international efforts of the past decade that emphasizes the multi -nationality and large dimension of the Black Sea environmental management issues. The environmental degradation of the Black Sea is briefly reviwed based on the BSEP reports and data available for land based pollution sources. The environmental risk of marine vessel accidents are also indicated and environmental safety concern is emphasized under the current conditions of intense energy transportation projects in the Black Sea and Caspian regions. The international policy actions, co-operation issues and scientific programmes of the past decade are overviewed with emphasis on the international achievements. Concluding remarks include the vital importance of continuation of the international commitments and sharing the political, scientific and socio-economic responsibility on the transboundary environmental pollution, rehabilitation and the safety issues of the Black Sea.

Keywords: Black Sea, environmental pollution, Bucharest Convention, Turkish Straits Region, Black Sea strategic action plan, marine radioactivity