Vol.1 – 1995 – Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment

On the long term (1935-1976) fluctations of the low frequency and main tidal constituents and their stability in the gulf of Antalya

Bedri Alpar, Ertuğrul Doğan, Hüseyin Yüce

Department of Navigation, Hydrography and Oceanography, 81647 Çubuklu, Beykoz, Istanbul , TURKEY
Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, 34470 Vefa, Istanbul, TURKEY

Abstract

Long term and tidal characteristics of water level variations at Antalya (Northern Levantine Sea, Eastern Mediterranean) have been investigated based upon a sequence of hourly water level observations from 1935 to 1976. The seasonal fluctuations of monthly mean sea level show two maxima and two minima; the major minimum occurs in March and a major maximum in August. The range between the extremes is about 17.4 cm. A 3.6 mm per year rise in annual sea level is computed. Tidal oscillations are small in amplitude with a spring range of 21 cm and dominated by semi-diurnal constituents. Tidal constituents were examined for the stability of the harmonic constants. The result of these analyses, with a one-year shift, indicated that diurnal (K₁, 0₁), semi-diurnal (M₂, S₂, K₂, N₂) and some long-term (S_a, S_sa) constituents for the period 1935 – 1976 were worthy to take into consideration. Most of the remaining long period constituents were absolutely unstable and completely unreliable.

Keywords: Sea level, tidal constituents, Levantine Sea, Eastern Mediterranean

References

Caldwell, C. (1991) Sea Level Data Processing Software On IBM PC Compatible Microcomputers, TOGA Sea Level Centre, Hawai, USA.

Crawford, W.R. (1982) Analysis of fortnightly and monthly tides, International Hydrographic Review, Monaco LIX (1): 131-141.

Defant, A. (1961) Physical Oceanography V. 2, Pergamon Press, Oxford, p.598

Franco, A.S., Harari, J. (1993) On the stability of long series tidal analyses, International Hydrographic Review, Monaco LXX (1): 77-89.

General Command of Mapping. (1991) A Brief Information about the Tide Gauge Stations Operated between years 1935-1983 in Turkey in Monthly Mean Sea Level Data at Antalya, Karşıyaka (İzmir), Samsun Tide Gauge Stations, p. 60

Godin, G (1972) The Analysis of Tides, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada, p.264.

Striem, H.L. and Rosenan, N. (1972) Seasonal fluctuations on monthly sea level on the coast of the Eastern Mediterranean, International Hydrographic Reivew, Monaco 49(2): 129-136.

Striem, H.L. (1974) Storm surges and unusual sea levels on the Israel’s Mediterranean Coast., International Hydrographic Reivew, Monaco 51(1): 59-70.

Yüce, H. and Alpar, B. (1994) Water level variations in Northern Levantine Sea, Oceanologica Acta 17(3): 249-254.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE ICHTHYO-JELLYPLANKTON MNEMIOPSIS LEIDYI (AGASSIZ, 1865) IN THE MARMARA SEA

Distribution of the ichthyo-jellyplankton Mnemiopsis leidyi (Agassiz, 1865) in the Marmara Sea

Tamara Shiganova, Ahmet N. Tarkan, Ayhan Dede, Mustafa Cebeci

Institute of Oceanology, Academy of Science, Moscow, RUSSIA
University of lstanbul, Faculty of Aquatic Products, Beyazıt, Istanbul, TURKEY
Department of Navigation, Hydrography and Oceanography, 81647 Çubuklu, Beykoz, Istanbul, TURKEY

Abstract

In this study, the distribution and the abundance of the abundance of Ctenophora Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Sea of Marmara are investigated. Samples were taken vertically and from surface from 16 stations with special plankton nets. They were determined taxonomically and separated into three different size groups. According to vertical sampling the abundance of M. leidyi was fowld to be approximately 4.3 kg/m² near the Bosphorus and 9.7 kg/m² near the Dardanelles. According to the surface samples, the abundance was 0.5-0.7 kg/catch in near Bosphorus and 11-13 kg/catch in Dardanelles. It was determined that the population of M. leidyi was distributed between 10 and 30 m. water depth and there were no fish eggs or larvae in the area.

Keywords: Mnemiopsis leidyi, Bosphorus, Marmara Sea, Dardanelles

References

Artüz, İ. (1991) Marmara Denizi’nde taraklı medüz, Cumhuriyet, Bilim Teknik Dergisi, Ekim, 571. 9

Caddy, J.F and Griffiths, R.C. (1990) A perspective on recent fishery related events in the Black Sea / Studies and reviews. FAO, GFCM, N: 63, p: 43-71, Rome, Italy.

Cebeci, M. And Tarkan, N. (1990) Marmara Denizi’nde zooplankton organizmaların dağılımı, İ.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi 4: (1) 69.

Öztürk, B. (1992) Akdeniz Foku, Anahtar yayınları. İstanbul, p. 161.

Oven, L.S., Gordina, A.D., Gragosov, V.E., Klinova, T.N., Luschina, V.G. and Shevchenko, N.F. (1991) The present state of the explaitable fishery stocks in the Black Sea/Variability of the Black Sea ecosystem. (in russ.) Okeanologia, Moscow. 31: 241-247.

Rass, T.S. (1992) Fish resources of the Black Sea and their changes, (in russ.) Okeanology 32(2): 293-302.

Studenikina, E.I., Volovik, S.P., Mirsoyan, I.A. and Luts, G.I. (1991) Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Azov Sea. (in russ.) Okeanologia, Moscow. 31(6): 973-980.

Tsikhon-Lukanina, E.A., Reznichenko, O.G. and Lukasheva, T.A. (1991a) Quantative aspects of feeding in the Black Sea Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (in russ.) Okeanologia, Moscow. 31(2): 272-276.

Tsikhon-Lukanina, E.A. and Reznichenko, O.G. (1991b) Pecularities of feeding in different size specimens of Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Black Sea (in russ.) Okeanologia, Moscow. 31(3): 442-446.

Tsikhon-Lukanina, E.A., Reznichenko, O.G. and Lukasheva, T.A. (1992) What Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi eats in the Black Sea in shore waters (in russ.) Okeanologia, Moscow. 322(4): 724-730.

Vinogradov, M.E. and Shushkina, E.A. (1982) Concentration estimation of the Black Sea jellyfishes, Ctenophora and Calamus on the observations from “Argus” submersible. (in russ.) Okeanologia, Moscow. 22(3): 473-479.

Vinogradov, M.E., Shushkina, E.A., Musaeva, E.I. and Sorokin, P. Yu. (1989) Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (A. Agassis) (Ctenophora lobata). New settlers in the Black Sea. (in russ) Okeanologia, Moscow. 29(2): 293-299.

Vinogradov, M.E. and Shushkina, E.A. (1992) Temporary changes of the zooplankton community structure in the open parts of the Black Sea (in russ.) Okeanologia, Moscow. 32(4): 709-717.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ENGINE POWER OF TURKISH FISHING VESSEL IN THE BLACK SEA

A comparative study on constructional characteristics and engine power of Turkish fishing vessel in the Black Sea

Emin Özdamar

Faculty of Fisheries, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Sinop, TURKEY

Abstract

In this study, the principal dimensions and fishing power of Turkish fishing vessels bigger than 18 GT in the Black Sea were investigated. Furthermore, the comparison on the principal dimensions was made among Turkish, Japanese, CIS (Country of Independent States) and Peruvian fishing vessels. Totally, 441 Turkish, 1289 Japanese and CIS fishing vessels were analyzed. It was determined that 29% of Turkish vessels in the Black Sea were between 17 and 18 m in length, and 3% of them were 27 m or longer. Some basic proportions of wooden and steel Turkish vessels were calculated as; L/B=2.84-3.24, L/D= 10.02-11.43 and HP/GT=5.56-4.65, respectively. In recent years, the increment on number of vessel and fishing capacity in Turkey was observed, in whkh 66% of fishing vessels in the Black Sea were built in 1977-1989. During this term, marine fish catches were increased accordingly, but CPUE was decreased about 50%. It was concluded that due to the high competition among fishermen, the excessive engine power was particularly used in Turkish vessels.

Keywords: Fishing vessel, principal dimensions, engine power, Black Sea, fisheries management

References

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Anonymous. (1989) Su ürünleri ve su ürünleri sanayii. DPT yayın no:2184. Ankara. p.210.

Anonymous. (1991) The information concerning Japanese fishing vessel. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Tokyo. (unpublished data).

Anonymous. (1992a) Karadeniz’ de av araç ve gereçleri ile avlanma teknolojisinin belirlenmesi projesi. Tanm ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Su Ürünleri Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Trabzon. p. 258.

Anonymous. (1992b) The information concerning Turkish commercial fishing fleet. The Ministry of Transportation, Ankara. (unpublished data).

Anonymous. (1992c) The information about fishing vessel in Former USSR. The data taken from Southern Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fishery and Oceanography, Kerch.

Anonymous. (1993a) Report of the technical consultation on stock assessment of the Black Sea. FAO-GFCM., Rome, p. 173.

Anonymous. (1993b) Report of demersal fisheries resource survey in the Republic of Turkey. JICA/AFF/JR: 93-37, Japan.

Baykal, R. (1982) Dizayn sırasında yük ve balıkçı gemilerinin direncinin bulunması, İ.T.Ü Kütüphanesi Sayı: 1220, İstanbul, p. 102.

Kafalı, K. (1970) Türkiye’ ye uygun balıkçı tekneleri ve ülkemizde yapım imkanları. Milli Prodüktivite Merkezi Seminerleri: Türkiye balıkçılığının sorunları ve geliştirme çareleri semineri. 6-10 Nisan 1970, Samsun, p. 21.

Kafalı, K. (1982) Türkiye sularına uygun balıkçı tekneleri üzerinde araştırmalar. Su ürünleri üretimini artırma ve kredilerini yönlendirme sempozyumu. 7-8 Ekim 1982, Ankara. T.C. Ziraat Bankası Su Ürünleri Kredileri Müdürlüğü Yayınları No: 4; 65-82.

Kara, F. and Kınacıgil, H.T. (1990) Türkiye denizleri balıkçılığı av gücü ve üretim potansiyeli. E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Der., 7(25-28): 16-45.

Machii, T. and Nose, Y. (1989) Principal dimensions of Peruvian purse seiner. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 55(7): 1217-1221.

Özdamar, E. (1994) A comparative study on the management systems and monitoring of marine fish resources in Japan and Turkey. The report of Asahi fellowship program (1993/94), Tokyo, p.74.

Şahin, İ. (1984) Türkiye’de su ürünleri üretim potansiyeli, av araç gereçleri, sorunlar, darboğazlar ve çözüm önerileri. Su ürünlerinin planlı üretimi, işlenmesi, soğuk muhafaza ve pazarlanması paneli. 17 Eylül 1984, İzmir, T.C. Ziraat Bankası Su Ürünleri Kredileri Müdürlüğü Yayınları No: 6: 23-54.

Present Status of the Mediterranean Monk Seal, Monachus monachus, (Hermann, 1779) n the Coasts of Foça In the Bay of Izmir

Present status of the Mediterranean Monk Seal, Monachus monachus, (Hermann, 1779) on the coasts of Foça in the Bay of Izmir (Aegean Sea)

Bayram Öztürk, Ayhan Dede

University of Istanbul, Faculty of Aquatic Products, Laleli-lstanbul, TURKEY

Abstract

The areas which bear habitat features for Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779) were searched in Foça, as a pilot region for the project of Mediterranean monk seal. Seven caves and seven shelters were found. Interviews with the local fishermen revealed that seals were observed 29 times (max.) in 1991. 14 times in 1992 and five times in 1993. Besides, according to these fishermen, three different seals were defined in Foça and they were mostly seen around the Orak and Incir Islands. Direct observations have been made to find seals in Foça region but without success. The areas between Foça-Karaburun and Foça-Mordoğan were also searched. Compared with Foça. more seal observations were made by the fishermen in Karaburun and Mordoğan in 1992. Investigations were carried out in Foça on fishing details such as the fishing grounds, the species caught. the fishing gears and the size of the damage in the nets. The area was influenced by the fishing made with purse-seine. trawl and trammel nets. Out of 87 damaged trammel nets examined during the study, only 20 included the damages due to seals. Some human activities like fishing and tourism were noted to cause stress for seals in the area near the potential seal habitat.

Keywords: Mediterranean monk seal, habitat, distribution, Aegean Sea, Foça, fisheries

References

Akı, C. (1992) Akdeniz Foku ve Korunması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi. Deniz Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi Enstitüsü, İzmir. p. 66.

Bareham, J., Furreddu, A. (1975) Observations on the use of grottos by Mediterranean monk seals. J. Zool. Lond., 175: 291-298.

Berkes, F. (1978) The possibility of movements of Monachus monachus between the coastal waters of Greece and Turkey. Brock University. St. Catherines. Ontario.

Berkes, F., Anat, H., Esenel, M. and Kışlalıoğlu, M. (1979) Distribution and ecology of Monachus monachus on Turkish coasts. In: The Mediterranean Monk Seal, Ronald, K. and Duguy, R. (Eds.). 113-127, UNEP Tech. Rep., Pergamon press, Oxford.

Berkes, F. (1982) Monk Seals on the Southwest coast of Turkey. Reprinted from Mammals in the Seas. FAO Fisheries series No: 5, Vol. IV, Published by FAO, Rome/Italy.

Boitani, L. (1991) Lc decline du phoque moine en Italie et sa survive dans un contexte Mediterraneen. Council of Europe. Seminar on conservation of the Mediterranean Monk Seal. Technical and Scientific Aspects. 4 May 1991. Antalya-Türkiye, pp. 30-31.

Boulva, J. (1979) Mediterranean Monk Seal. In: Mammals of the seas. Pinniped Species Summaries and Report on Sirenians. FAO Fisheries Series 5 (II): 195-100.

IUCN (1978) Red Data Book. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Avenue du Mont Blanc, 1196 Gland, Switzerland.

Marchessaux, D. (1987) The Mediterranean Monk Seal In Turkey, Report on a Mission to Turkey for IUCN and UNEP. IUCN, Avenue du Mont Blanc. 1196 Gland, Switzerland. pp. 8-14.

Mursaloğlu, B. (1984) Monk seal conservation in Turkey. WWF Monthly Report, May 1984 97: 100.

Mursaloğlu. B. (1991) Biology and distribution of the Mediterranean Monk seal Monachus monachus on Turkish coasts. Council of Europe, Seminar on Conservation of the Mediterranean Monk Seal. Technical and scientific aspects. 4 May 1991, Antalya-Türkiye, p. 54.

Öztürk, B. (1992) Akdeniz Foku (Monachus monachus), inceleme, p. 86. Anahtar Yayınları, İstanbul.

Öztürk, B., Candan, A. and Erk, M.H. (1991) Cruise results covering the period from 1987 to 1991 on their Mediterranean Monk Seal Monachus monachus (Hermann. 1779) occuring along to Turkish coastline. Council of Europe, Seminar on conservation of the Mediterranean Monk Seal. Technical and Scientific Aspects. 4 May 1991, Antalya-Türkiye, p. 43.

Öztürk, B., Erim, H., Çolak, A. and Talu, U. (1990) Investigation on Mediterranean Monk Seals. Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779). in the caves along the coastline of Western Black Sea, Marmara and Aegean Seas. Rapports et proces-verbaux des reunions, Vol 32 Fascicule I. 1990, p. 237/ V-12. F. Doumenge Secretariat General: 16. Bd de Suisse (Pte de Monaco).

Öztürk, B. (1995) Publication of the National protection Strategy for the Protection of the Mediterranean Monk Seal Monachus monachus in Turkey and Foça Pilot Project. (in preparation).

Panou, A., Jacobs, J. and Panos, D. (1993) The Endangered Mediterranean Monk Seal Monachus monachus in the Ionian Sea, Greece. Biological Conservation 1993, 64, 129-140. Zoologisches Institut. Universitat München. Seialstrasse 25, D-8000 München 2,Germany.

Ronald, K. and Healey, P. (1974) Present status of the Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus). Migrat. Ser. UFAW- IUCN. London. p. 100.

Sergeant, D., Ronald, K., Boulva, J. and Berkes, F. (1978) The Recent Status of Monachus monachus, the Mediterranean monk seal. Biol. Conserv. 14, 259-87. Applied Science Publishers Ltd. Essex. England.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE TWO-LAYER FLOW REGIMES IN THE TURKISH STRAITS

Chemical properties of the two-layer flow regimes in the Turkish Straits

Süleyman Tuğrul, Çolpan Polat, Özden Baştürk, Emin Hatipoğlu, Ayşen Yılmaz, Semal Yemenicioğlu, Cemal Saydam, İlkay Salihoğlu

Middle East Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences, P.K. 28, Erdemli 33731, lçel, TURKEY

Abstract

Systematic data obtained at the exits of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits between 1986 and 1994 permit us to understand the seasonal variations in the nutrient properties of the counter flows in the Turkish Straits. The brackish outflow from the Black Sea enters the Marmara Sea with low levels of inorganic nutrients (PO₄-P˂0.1 µM; NO₃+NO₂-N˂0.1-0.2 µM) from spring to autumn but possesses unexpectedly high concentrations (PO₄-P=0.3-0.4 µM; NO₃+NO₂-N=5-7 µM) in early winter. The calculated annual average concentrations of PO₄and NO₃+NO₂ are about 0.11 and 1.3 µM, respectively. However, the nutrient properties of the brackish waters of Black Sea origin are modified noticeably as they flow through the Marmara basin and the Dardanelles both by biomediated chemical processes and by the ex-port of biogenic organic particles to the lower layer. The salty Mediterranean inflow to the Marmara deep basin via the Dardanelles Strait contains low nutrient concentrations ( NO₃+NO₂-N=1.0 µM; PO₄-P=0.05 µM on average). However, the salty water, before reaching the Black Sea via the Bosphorus, is much enriched with inorganic nutrients in the Marmara basin by the input from the surface flow; the average concentrations being as high as 9.6 µM for NO₃+NO₂-N and 1.0 µM for PO₄. In other words, the initially nutrient-poor Mediterranean water spreads into the Black Sea with its nitrate+nitrite and phosphate concentrations enriched at least 10-20 fold, which are larger than the biologically labile nutrient content of the Black Sea outflow.

Keywords: Bosphorus, Dardanelles, phosphorus compounds, nitrogen compounds

References

Baştürk, Ö., Tuğrul, S., Yılmaz, A., Saydam, C. (1990) Health of the Turkish Straits: Chemical and environmental aspects of the Sea of Marmara. METU-Institute of Marine Sciences. Tech. Rep., 90(4). Erdemli-İçel. Turkey. pp.69

Beşiktepe, S.T., Özsoy, E. and Ünlüata, Ü. (1993) Filling of the Marmara Sea by the Dardanelles lower layer inflow. Deep Sea Research 40(9): 1815-1838.

Beşiktepe, S.T., Sur. H.l., Özsoy, E., Latif. M.A.. Oğuz, T. and Ünlüata, Ü. (1994) The circulation and the hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography, 34: 285-334.

Bologa, AS., Usurelu, M. and Frangopol, P.T. (1981) Planktonic primary productivity of the Romanian surface coastal waters (Black Sea) in 1979. Oceanologia Acta, 4(3): 343-349.

Bologa, A.S. (1985) Planktonic primary productivity of the Black Sea: a review. Thallassia Jugoslavica, 21/22: 1-22.

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Gunnerson, C.G. and Özturgut, E. (1974) The Bosphorus. In: The Black Sea Geology, Chemistry and Biology. Memoire No. 20, pp. 99-113, The American Assoc. Petroluem Geologists.

Küçüksezgin, F., Balcı, A., Kontaş, A. and Altay, O. Distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll-a in the Aegean Sea. Oceanologica Acta (in press).

Latif, M.A., Özsoy, E., Oğuz, T. and Ünlüata, Ü. (1991) Observation of Mediterranean inflow into the Black Sea. Deep-Sea Research, 38(2): 711-725.

Latif, M.L., Özsoy, E., Salihoğlu, İ., Gaines, A.F., Baştürk, Ö., Yılmaz, A. and Tuğrul, S. (1992) Monitoring via direct measurements of the modes of mixing and transport of wastewater discharges into the Bosphorus underflow. METU-Institute of Marine Sciences. Tech.Rep. pp.92-2 , 98.

Mee, L.D. (1992) The Black Sea in crisis: The need for concerted international action Ambio 21(4): 278-286.

Oğuz, T. and Sur, H.I. (1989) A two-layer model of water exchange through the Dardanelles Strait Oceanologica Acta 12: 23-31.

Oğuz, T. and Rozman. L. (1991) Characteristics of the Mediterranean underflow in the southwestern Black Sea continental shelf/slope region Oceanologica Acta 14: 43 3-445.

Orhon, D., Uslu, O., Meriç, S., Salihoğlu, İ. and Filibeli, A. (1994) Wastewater management for İstanbul: Basis for treatment and disposal Environmental Pollution, 84: 167-178.

Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Beşiktepe, S., Oğuz, T., Salihoğlu, İ., Gaines, A.F., Tuğrul, S., Baştürk, Ö. and Saydam, C. (1992) Monitoring via direct measurements of the modes of mixing and transport of wastewater discharges into the Bosphoms underflow. Second Progress Report. Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University. pp. 310.

Özsoy, E., Gaines, A.F., Latif, M.A., Tuğrul, S. And others (1994) Monitoring via direct measurements of the modes of mixing and transport of wastewater discharges into the Bosphoms underflow. Final Report Vol. 1-2 Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University.

Polat, S.Ç. and Tugrul, S. (1995) Nutrient and organic carbon exchanges between the Black and Marmara seas through the Bosphorus Strait Continental Shelf Research, 15(9): 1115-1132.

Polat, S.Ç. (1995) Nutrient and organic carbon budgets of the Sea of Marmara: A progressive effort on the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Ph.D. Thesis. Institute of Marine Sciences. Middle East Technical University, pp.215

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Sur, H.İ., Özsoy, E. and Ünlüata, Ü. (1994) Boundary current instabilities, upwelling, shelf mixing and eutrophication processes in the Black Sea Progress in Oceanography, 33: 227-264.

Tugrul, S. (1993) Comparison of TOC concentrations by persulphate-UV and HTCO techniques in the Marmara and Black Seas, Marine Chemistry, 41 : 265-270.

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Oil contamination of Mytilus galloprovincialis after the Nassia accident

Oil contamination of Mytillus galloprovincialis after the Nassia Accident

Kasım Cemal Güven, Selma Ünlü, Erdoğan Okuş, Ertuğrul Doğan

Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, University of Istanbul, 34470 Vefa, Istanbul, TURKEY

Abstract

Oil accumulation in mussels was investigated after the Nassia oil tanker accident on the Istanbul Strait by applying UVF and GC/MS analysis methods. Pristane and phytane ratio was used to distinguish the sources of pollution. Amounts of oil varied from 5 to 250 µg/g in three surveys. The analysis results revealed that contamination originated from the oil spilts from the tanker involved in the accident.

Keywords : Oil pollution, Nassia accident, mussel, UVF, GC/MS analysis

References

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Vol.1 – 1995 – No.2/3

Oil contamination of Mytillus galloprovincialis after the Nassia accident
Kasım C. Güven, Selma Ünlü, Erdoğan Okuş, Ertuğrul Doğan

Chemical properties of the two-layer flow regimes in the Turkish Straits
Süleyman Tuğrul, Çoban Polat, Özden Baştürk, Emin Hatipoğlu, Ayşen Yılmaz, Semal Yemenicioğlu, Cemal Saydam, İlkay Salihoğlu

Present status of the Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus, (Hermann, 1779) on the coasts of Foça in the Bay of Izmir (Aegean Sea)
Bayram Öztürk, Ayhan Dede

A comparative study on constructional characteristics and engine power of Turkish fishing vessel in the Black Sea
Emin Özdamar